Sectors

Base sector

Financial Sector

The financial sector covers all organisations involved in managing, moving, and growing money. This includes banks, insurers, pension funds, asset managers, trading firms, and the regulators that supervise them. It is one of the most data-driven sectors in the economy.

In this sector, you work with financial data to measure, price, or manage uncertainty. That might mean building a model to estimate credit losses, running analysis to support an investment decision, or checking whether a risk model meets regulatory standards.

Background

Financial organisations make decisions under uncertainty. A bank does not know whether a borrower will repay a loan. An insurer does not know how many claims it will receive. An asset manager does not know how markets will move. The common challenge is to measure that uncertainty, price it, and manage it. This is why the sector relies heavily on quantitative methods and data.

The work varies significantly between subsectors. Banking focuses on credit, market, and liquidity risk. Asset management focuses on portfolio construction and investment research. Trading focuses on pricing and executing positions in financial markets. The actuarial sector focuses on the long-term liabilities of insurers and pension funds. FinTech companies apply data and technology to deliver financial services. Each subsector draws on different tools and domain knowledge, and the same role can look very different depending on where you work.

Across the sector, regulation plays an important role. Banks operate under frameworks like Basel IV. Insurers fall under Solvency II. Pension funds are supervised by De Nederlandsche Bank under Dutch law. Models need to be documented, validated, and explainable. This shapes how quantitative work is done in practice, and it is something you encounter early in most financial roles.

The shared tools are Python and R for modelling, SQL for data extraction, Excel for reporting, and Bloomberg for market data. Statistical knowledge, familiarity with financial products, and the ability to communicate results clearly are relevant across all parts of the sector.

Structure

Subsectors

Financial Sector divides into 6 distinct areas, each with its own focus and character.

This page has a deep dive with more background, examples, and further reading.

Read the deep dive
Organisations

Companies

A selection of organisations active in this sector where econometrics graduates typically find roles.